Lossless compression of the genome

Transforming the genome into an image

Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly recognized by its acronym, DNA, is a multifaceted molecule that falls under the nucleic acids category. These organic macromolecules are constructed from nucleotides and serve as the vaults of genetic information, acting as the blueprint for heredity.

Delving deeper into DNA's composition, each nucleotide consists of three distinct components: heterocyclic bases (adenine or A, guanine or G, cytosine or C, and thymine or T), a pentose sugar (specifically, 2-deoxy-β-D-ribose), and phosphoric acid. This intricate design empowers DNA with the capacity for stable information storage, precise duplication through DNA synthesis, and, importantly, the transmission of this genetic data to subsequent generations. This seamless transfer ensures the continuity of biological traits, a cornerstone for species survival.

Our innovative compression technique is geared towards embedding this genetic information on the blockchain, leveraging an optimal, lossless compression methodology. When we discuss the genome, we refer to the comprehensive hereditary data of an entity, encapsulated within its DNA (or RNA in certain viruses). This vast database encompasses genes, non-coding sequences, the amino acid arrangements, and protein primary structures.

DNA sequencing, a pivotal biochemical procedure, unveils the order of DNA's bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. This sequence holds the hereditary information housed within various cellular structures like the nucleus, plasmids, mitochondria, or chloroplasts. This data forms the foundational code directing the operations of all living organisms. Unraveling this sequence is integral to unlocking the mysteries of life's functions.

Heterocyclic bases serve as nature's numeral foundation. With four distinct bases, nature's coding employs a quaternary numbering system. This system is effortlessly utilized since its conversion to and from the binary system (predominantly used by modern computers) is straightforward.

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